Adenosine is a nucleoside, a structural subunit of nucleic acids that forms part of the basic building blocks of DNA. The skin has numerous adenosine receptors, so its topical use has clear positive effects. The main properties of adenosine, when applied to the skin, are:

• Helps stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that plays an important role in skin structure and elasticity, improving its firmness and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
• Helps strengthen the skin barrier, which is essential for maintaining adequate hydration levels and preventing moisture loss.

As skin ages, it produces less and less collagen. Additionally, free radicals, UV exposure, and natural aging can degrade the skin's collagen proteins.
Adenosine's ability to stimulate collagen formation can help strengthen the skin, restore its elasticity, and improve hydration.
Adenosine is an effective anti-wrinkle agent. Collagen proteins play a vital role in wound healing. They also help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and act as skin moisturizers. The combination of these important properties strengthens the skin by restoring its elasticity and hydration.
Adenosine is non-comedogenic.

It is a powerful antioxidant with regenerating effects that helps heal minor skin damage. Applied topically:

• It has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing irritation.
• Helps soften and repair the skin.

Thanks to its antioxidant properties, it helps maintain skin firmness and youth by reducing visible signs of aging.
It absorbs well and acts on different layers of the skin.

It is non-comedogenic.

Acetyl hexapeptide-8, commonly known as argireline, is a peptide with clinically proven anti-aging effects. It is composed of six amino acids. It works by helping to smooth the appearance of wrinkles. Due to its mechanism of action, it is said to be a Botox-like compound. Its main properties are:

• Helps reduce expression lines and wrinkles
• Has a firming effect
• Helps maintain superficial skin hydration
• Improves skin cell repair

Argireline is one of the active ingredients in Qwadrum's eye contour cream.

Argireline is non-comedogenic.

Azeloglycine is a combination of azelaic acid and glycine. By combining these two powerful ingredients, azeloglycine possesses the properties of both, compensating for some of the benefits that azelaic acid did not provide and that historically had to be complemented. Azeloglycine has several properties and functions when applied topically:

• Unclogs pores
• Helps reduce excessive sebum production
• Helps lighten dark spots and hyperpigmentation, leaving skin tone brighter
• Helps soothe irritated skin, leaving it soft, smooth, and balanced

Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring acid found in grains such as wheat, rye, and barley, is recognized for its ability to help reduce excessive sebum production. Thanks to its ability to regulate melanin production, azelaic acid can also help lighten dark spots and hyperpigmentation, leaving skin tone brighter and more even. However, azelaic acid alone presents some difficulties when used in cosmetics, which are compensated for by azeloglycine.

Glycine, on the other hand, is an amino acid that helps strengthen the skin's natural barrier, ensuring it stays hydrated and protected.

Azeloglycine is non-comedogenic.

Bakuchiol is considered a gentler alternative to retinoids and is a powerful anti-aging active ingredient.
Bakuchiol has been shown to have anti-aging effects when applied to the skin:

• Helps increase cell turnover and skin renewal, promoting a more radiant complexion.
• Reduces fine lines and wrinkles.
• Reduces hyperpigmentation.
• Has the ability to block free radicals, reducing metabolic oxidation that leads to skin aging.
  

Bakuchiol has been shown to stimulate collagen production in the skin, helping to maintain its elasticity and firmness, thus reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Regular use of bakuchiol can help reduce the signs of aging, including fine lines and wrinkles, even deeper ones, helping the skin look younger.

Bakuchiol and hyaluronic acid also work effectively together against skin aging.

Bakuchiol, hyaluronic acid, retinal, and niacinamide are key active ingredients in one of Qwadrum's products: the Retinal and Bakuchiol Night Cream.
Bakuchiol is non-comedogenic.

Caffeine has high biological activity and the ability to penetrate the skin
barrier, as well as powerful antioxidant properties. Its molecules are small
enough to pass through the superficial layers of the skin, allowing it to act
on its different layers. Its main properties on the skin are:

• It helps protect cells from UV radiation and slows down skin photoaging.
• Caffeine increases blood microcirculation in the skin and helps eliminate dark circles and bags under the eyes.
• It is rich in antioxidants and helps protect the skin from environmental aggressors that cause skin aging.

 
Caffeine has high biological activity and the ability to penetrate the skin
barrier. After a few minutes, caffeine can penetrate the superficial layer of
the skin, called the epidermis. Over time, it penetrates even deeper, acting on
the different layers of the skin, which has a positive effect in anti-aging products.

Caffeine acts as a powerful solution to combat puffiness and under-eye bags by contracting subcutaneous blood vessels, which reduces swelling and fluid accumulation.

Caffeine is one of the active ingredients in Qwadrum eye contour cream.

Caffeine is non-comedogenic.

Hyaluronic acid and its derivatives are among the molecules with the highest moisturizing power of all known compounds. It has the ability to hydrate the different layers of the skin, stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts, and also contribute to cell regeneration.

Its main properties are:
• Provides hydration
• Hydrates the skin, improving its texture
• Has anti-aging properties, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
• Contributes to cell regeneration.

QWADRUM products that include hyaluronic acid in their composition feature a unique combination of hyaluronic acid compounds of different molecular weights, in 5 different active ingredients, to ensure that its properties are activated in all layers of the skin.

Hyaluronic acid is a hygroscopic molecule, meaning it is capable of attracting and retaining water.

The body constantly produces it, and at the same time, it degrades. With age, the body begins to reduce its production. Other factors, such as stress, pollution, or sun exposure, can contribute to accelerating its degradation. Additionally, between 25 and 30 years of age, the loss of hyaluronic acid becomes more noticeable.

There are several types of hyaluronic acid, which can act at different levels of the skin layer depending on the size of their molecules:
• High molecular weight molecules (HMW), which due to their larger size, do not penetrate deep into the skin. With a larger molecular structure, HMW molecules remain on the skin's surface, forming a protective barrier, retaining moisture and protecting it from environmental pollutants. High and very high molecular weight molecules form a dense protective film on the skin's surface that reduces water loss from within, while providing hydration for more than 24 hours.
• Low molecular weight molecules (LMW), with a smaller size, can penetrate deeper into the skin, also stimulating collagen production, strengthening skin barriers, and helping to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Their deeper penetration offers long-lasting hydration, ensuring the skin remains smooth and youthful. Thanks to their smaller size, they also have the potential to stimulate the skin's repair mechanisms.

This wide range of hyaluronic acids has an important consequence when formulating anti-aging skin products, as an incorrect combination of molecular sizes or the use of a single molecular size can result in very poor performance from a skincare product.

These hyaluronic acid compounds are non-comedogenic.

Ectoin is an amino acid.

Ectoin is a moisturizing and skin-conditioning agent that also has protective properties.

Ectoin helps combat free radicals, which are involved in skin damage and the aging process, and helps protect against UV radiation, which is one of the main causes of premature aging, leading to wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and dark spots, among others.

Ectoin has the ability to retain water and reduce transepidermal water loss. This retains moisture and stabilizes the skin barrier, helping to maintain the correct water balance in the skin, giving it a smooth and radiant appearance. Ectoin's ability to stabilize cell membranes and proteins makes it effective in preventing premature aging and promoting skin regeneration.

Ectoin has a synergistic effect with hyaluronic acid and niacinamide.

Squalane is an exceptional moisturizer that mimics the skin's natural oils, keeping it hydrated and strengthening its natural moisture barrier. It absorbs quickly and effectively into the skin, restoring its elasticity and suppleness without leaving a greasy residue. Squalane is one of the active ingredients in one of Qwadrum's products: the Flash-acting eye contour cream.

Squalane, the main component of polyunsaturated lipids on the skin surface, has antioxidant properties that help prevent skin aging.

It is non-comedogenic.

Olive oil is proven to help prevent premature signs of skin aging. Among the benefits of this natural compound, some are particularly applicable to the skin:

• It acts as an antioxidant, preventing oxidation, a process that can produce free radicals, which helps prevent premature aging.

• It contains fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are beneficial for the skin.

Centella asiatica exosomes are small vesicles that offer several benefits for the skin:

• They improve skin regeneration, reducing wrinkles and fine lines
• They improve the skin's barrier function
• They contribute to protection against UV photoaging and oxidative stress

Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types. Plant-derived exosomes, such as those from Centella asiatica, have a high lipid content, so various physiological activities can be expected, such as protection against UV photoaging and oxidative stress. Centella asiatica exosomes are rich in growth factors and bioactive molecules, which improves collagen production and accelerates skin repair.



Centella asiatica-derived exosomes offer various benefits for the skin, including improved skin regeneration, wrinkle reduction, and enhanced skin barrier function.

Glycerin has three hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which make it water-soluble and give it its ability to retain moisture. It is a powerful humectant and has several properties and functions for the skin:
• Humectant
• Helps create a barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping it hydrated
• Strengthens the skin barrier, compensating for transepidermal water loss
• Helps improve skin texture

By attracting water to the skin's surface, glycerin forms a protective barrier that helps prevent moisture loss. It also has a softening effect, which can help relieve dryness and roughness.

Glycerin has been popular as a skin humectant for many years and is known for its benefits in promoting skin hydration and elasticity, while also helping to repair its natural barrier.

Glycerin is considered non-comedogenic.

Gluconolactone is a new generation polyhydroxy acid, known for its gentle exfoliating and moisturizing properties.

Gluconolactone is one of the active ingredients in Qwadrum's active cleansing gel and has a wide range of benefits for the skin. In this cleansing gel, the most relevant properties of gluconolactone are:
• Gentle exfoliant: Gluconolactone has the ability to remove dead cells from the outermost layer of the skin, resulting in smoother, brighter skin.
• Moisturizer: The additional hydroxyl groups make gluconolactone a perfect humectant, which moisturizes by attracting water to the skin.
• Antimicrobial: Gluconolactone also has an antimicrobial effect, a key property for a cleansing gel.

Treatments based on gluconolactone can be applied to all skin types, even the most sensitive. Unlike alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic acid, lactic acid, etc.) and beta hydroxy acids (such as salicylic acid), gluconolactone has a larger molecular size and better tolerance.

Gluconolactone is non-comedogenic.

Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3. When applied topically, it is rapidly absorbed.

Niacinamide offers a wide range of benefits for the skin:
• Helps reduce dark spots and other hyperpigmentation issues, thereby improving skin tone.
• It is a powerful anti-aging agent.
• Stimulates collagen production, visibly reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
• Improves skin elasticity and radiance.
• Has a stabilizing effect on epidermal barrier function.
• Has antioxidant properties that improve skin health.

Niacinamide is considered one of the best anti-aging ingredients and one of the most beneficial for skin health.

Topical application of niacinamide has a stabilizing effect on epidermal barrier function, which translates into a reduction in transepidermal water loss. Niacinamide improves the structural and functional integrity of the skin barriers.

Niacinamide positively influences the production and function of keratinocytes (epidermal cells). It can improve keratinocyte growth, promote the production of essential skin proteins, and help prevent premature keratinocyte differentiation and senescence. In addition, niacinamide can protect keratinocytes from damage caused by UV radiation and oxidative stress.

Niacinamide has a powerful brightening and illuminating effect on the skin.

Hyperpigmentation refers to the appearance of dark spots or areas of pigmentation on the skin, causing uneven tone. Hyperpigmentation can occur due to different factors, such as accumulated sun exposure or hormonal changes, among others. Niacinamide has been clinically shown to reduce hyperpigmentation.
It promotes dermal collagen synthesis, inhibits its degradation, and helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles. Topical treatment with niacinamide, in appropriate concentrations, alone or in combination with other active ingredients, has been clinically shown to reduce the progression of skin aging and hyperpigmentation.

Niacinamide is non-comedogenic.

D-panthenol is an analogue of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and, therefore, a provitamin B5 with several important proven properties. Once applied to the skin, panthenol penetrates it and converts into vitamin B5.

The key properties of D-panthenol are:
• It is a moisturizing ingredient.
• It aids in skin barrier repair processes.
• It has soothing properties that help reduce redness and discomfort, providing relief to the skin.

D-panthenol is particularly valued for its exceptional moisturizing properties. It has the ability to attract and retain moisture, preventing hydration loss. Well-hydrated skin is not only softer and more supple, but also healthier and more resistant to external aggressors.

In addition, D-panthenol improves lipid synthesis and epidermal differentiation. D-panthenol is recognized for its ability to promote skin repair. It participates in the regeneration of skin cells, promoting the repair of the skin barrier, making it more resistant and less susceptible to environmental aggressors.

The soothing effect of D-panthenol is especially beneficial for sensitive and irritated skin. It helps reduce redness and discomfort, providing immediate relief.

Panthenol is non-comedogenic.

Retinal (or retinaldehyde) is a potent, intense yellow form of vitamin A. It is classified as a retinoid and is known for its potential to accelerate cell renewal and improve skin texture, offering visible results in the fight against aging and the treatment of skin imperfections. The main properties of retinal are:

• Reduces expression lines and wrinkles.
• Improves skin texture by accelerating cell renewal and promoting cell regeneration.
• Helps reduce hyperpigmentation, improving skin tone.
• Has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, slowing down the aging process.
• Helps improve skin elasticity and firmness.

Nighttime rest is when our body recovers from daily activity. During this period, different metabolic functions are activated to restore the basic levels that keep us in physiological and mental shape for the next day. Among the many metabolic actions carried out during this rest time, the skin repair mechanism is one of the most important, with high cell regeneration.

Collagen stimulation is one of retinal's greatest benefits. It acts in the deeper layers of the skin, where it stimulates collagen synthesis for anti-aging effects, increases elasticity, and repairs connective tissue. The result is a reduction in wrinkles and expression lines, also improving the overall appearance of the skin.

Retinal offers many advantages compared to retinol. Compared to retinol, retinal acts faster, is more potent, and less irritating.

Retinal and bakuchiol have a synergistic effect. Clinical studies have indicated that the combination of retinal with bakuchiol enhances the effect on skin cells and the skin barrier function without affecting its skin irritation profile.

Retinal is considered non-comedogenic.

When using a Retinal cream, it is essential to adapt the skin to its use. In the case of Qwadrum's Retinal-bakuchiol cream, the adaptation period is as follows:

During the first two weeks, it is recommended to apply the cream at night every 72 hours. In the third and fourth weeks, every 48 hours, and if no irritation is observed, the number of applications can be increased to daily, always at night.

After the adaptation period, applying Qwadrum's Retinal-bakuchiol night cream every 48 hours or daily is a correct strategy.

It is always recommended to use an SPF 50 sunscreen to prevent skin aging. When using Retinal or other retinoids, it is important to use an SPF 50 sunscreen, as they produce deep skin regeneration.

During periods of intense sun exposure, it is recommended not to use retinoids. For example, during a beach holiday, it is recommended not to apply the cream and to reapply it after this period. The same applies during mountaineering or hiking with intense sun exposure, for example.

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant. Its main properties are as follows:

• As an antioxidant, it neutralizes free radicals, molecules that damage skin cells. This property helps prevent premature aging.
• It promotes collagen production, which helps reduce wrinkles and improve skin firmness and repair.

 

Vitamin C is non-comedogenic.



Vitamin C is one of the ingredients in the Retinal-Bakuchiol night cream, although it is not the main ingredient. In Qwadrum's Retinal-Bakuchiol night cream, the main active ingredients are retinal, bakuchiol, niacinamide, and hyaluronic acid complex.